Semaglutide
Also known as: Ozempic active ingredient, GLP-1 agonist
Overview
Semaglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist originally developed for type 2 diabetes management (Ozempic) and later approved at higher doses for chronic weight management (Wegovy). It is a 31-amino-acid analogue of human GLP-1 with modifications that dramatically extend its half-life to approximately one week, enabling once-weekly dosing.
Mechanism of Action
Semaglutide mimics the endogenous incretin hormone GLP-1. It binds GLP-1 receptors in the pancreas to stimulate glucose-dependent insulin secretion and suppress glucagon. In the hypothalamus and brainstem it reduces appetite signalling and promotes satiety. Gastric emptying is slowed, further blunting post-meal glucose excursions. The net effect is reduced caloric intake and improved glycaemic control.